At first, he mentioned what some early educational reformers believed. It was that students should not spend much time studying to avoid getting their mind hurt.
Then, he showed us the research by Karl Alexander. From this research, he pointed out that during the school days, the kids from poor families did almost as good as the kids from the upper and middle class. However, after the summer holidays, they fell far behind. And this is because their families were not able to provide them with the things they need to study at home, therefore they just wasted the time. From this, he believed that study wouldn't hurt the mind and poor kids simply didn't have the chance to study a long time.
After that, he pointed out that KIPP, a school in a poor area for kids from poor families where students study a very long time a day, was a good chance for poor kids to be able to study hard. Like Marita, kids from poor families get the chance to get out of poverty with KIPP. "More than 80 percent of KIPP graduates will go on to college, in many cases being the first in their family to do so."
At last, he compared the case of Marita with the case of Bill Gates and the Canadian hokey stars to bring up again his thesis statement. It is that the outliers do not spring naturally from the earth, it is the chance which gives them the opportunity to work hard that will make them outliers.
